St Helens - a landscape for woodland birds

As the sun gently warmed the morning of Wednesday 17 November, we gathered in a paddock next to St Helens Reserve. The occasion was the Landscapes for Birds field walk. Our hosts were Sue and David Rowbottom, who are both active members of the St Helens Landcare group. We were here to witness the progress of planting and natural regeneration in a section of pasture that the Rowbottoms had fenced off ten years ago to complement bushland in the reserve.

Although you’d never know it now, the site was once the venue for an important community event - the Yambuk Picnic Races. It must have been a treat sipping cool ale in the heat of the last summer before the war, as the horses were led past the bar to the start. On 27 February 1939 the Port Fairy Gazette reported:

RAZZLE DAZZLE SCORES AGAIN

                           The  picturesque St Helens racecourse fringed with its
                           belt of trees and set in ideal surroundings was the scene
                           of the annual picnic race meeting . . .

Clearly St Helens Reserve has long been appreciated for its natural beauty. It is now an important remnant of wooded wetland, a scarce habitat once widespread across Southwest Victoria. It is refuge to many species of flora and fauna and an ideal spot for Dr Rod Bird to talk about attracting woodland birds back to farms.

Michael and Rod

Rod has lived and worked in the region for over 35 years. Now retired from researching agricultural science, he has vast experience in sustainable farming, re-vegetation programs, flora and fauna surveys and conservation projects. He is also a keen birdo. With 50% of woodland birds predicted to be extinct in our region by 2050, his message is timely - get planting and regenerate habitat.

Woodland habitat has been decimated and is now a scarce resource in most districts. Some sources estimate that to support a healthy population of birds, 30% of the landscape needs to be wooded. But a minimal target of 10% is probably a more realistic goal with current land-use practices.

The best habitat for woodland birds is remnant bush with its diversity of flora. But most surviving stands are now small and isolated, unable to sustain healthy bird populations. Birds need corridors of wooded cover to permit movement for feeding and breeding. The remnant patches can be effectively supplemented by strip plantations along roadsides, and wooded corridors and shelter belts on farms. These need to be at least 50m wide to be viable.

Although re-vegetation is unable to achieve the same biodiversity found in remnant bush, it still supports a wide variety of woodland birds. And if you want to attract endemic species of birds, the formula is simple. Plant endemic species of flora.

What kind of woodland cover is desirable?

gnarled manna gum - Eucalyptus viminalis

Old mature trees are vital. When in flower they produce most nectar for honeyeaters, lorikeets and wattlebirds. The bark harbours insects for woodswallows and thornbills. Their lofty crowns are nesting sites for raptors.

Shrubs offer shelter for fairy wrens, choughs and babblers, which are otherwise prone to displacement by aggressive territorial species like noisy miners.

Sedges and grasses have seeds for finches, pigeons and parrots.

Leaf litter and fallen limbs provide food and camouflage for warblers, treecreepers and curlews.

Standing dead trees have hollows that are home to many creatures. 

deep in St Helens Reserve - a large Carex

So why bother planting trees and shrubs to attract woodland birds to farms?

There are productivity benefits. As Sue pointed out, woodland cover provides great shelter for stock, especially when calving or lambing. There is evidence that in summer livestock with access to shade drink less frequently. Cover reduces the impact of severe weather events, ameliorating catastrophic stock losses. 

It fits within the sustainable farming paradigm. Ground cover mitigates erosion and species diversity contributes to the complex biology of soils. Many of the creatures attracted, including woodland birds, provide natural protection from insect damage to crops.

The aesthetics and pleasure of living with woodland birds should not be underestimated. There are lifestyle benefits and important implications for the health and well-being of rural communities.

Finally, there is the satisfaction of contributing to a wider good. Re-vegetation promotes biodiversity and is a meaningful response to the threat of mass species extinction.

a grass tree - Xanthorrhoea minor

After Rod’s informative talk, we walked through the mix of regenerating and remnant woodland as birds busied themselves with their daily routines. Over fence and through swamp, nothing stopped our intrepid group from experiencing the wildflowers [Goodenia], giant grasses [Xanthorrhoea] and majestic gums [Eucalyptus viminalis]. There was excitement when a visitor from Tasmania familiar with bandicoots pointed out some distinctive conical diggings - now a rare sight indeed. 

signs of a foraging bandicoot

The mosquito bites and a solitary leech were soon forgotten as we talked and bonded over a delicious lunch under the trees. It was then the quote of the day was uttered:

Q: What was the highlight of your day?

A: Finding an unknown native plant.

Q: What was it?

A: I don't know!

Thanks to Michael Wright of Basalt to Bay who organised the field trip, Rod Bird, Sue and David Rowbottom, and everyone who turned up to make this such an enjoyable and productive day.

Edge of Darkness - TV review

Screening on ABC2 from tonight is a BBC classic drama from another generation that sounds a warning about the future of our planet  . . .

Considering its age, you might expect Edge of Darkness to be just another lack-lustre TV artefact regurgitated to indulge nostalgic baby boomers. But you would be wrong. The secret at the heart of this gothic political thriller is as urgently relevant now as it was when first aired in 1985.

Troy Kennedy Martin (The Italian Job 1969) felt compelled to write this saga, alarmed at the direction Western democracies were taking in the early 1980s. Oozing with critical ambivalence, the script was unlikely to find favour with television’s mandarins in the iron embrace of Thatcherite Britain.

The Falklands War was just concluded, the Soviet adventure in Afganistan was brewing up the Cold War and Reagan’s United States was toying with SciFi weapons in the Star Wars program. Somehow, Kennedy Martin convinced the BBC to assemble a talented production crew and dazzling cast to create this masterpiece.

The story starts conventionally enough. Policemen Ronald Craven (Bob Peck) is shattered when his daughter Emma (Joanne Whally) dies bleeding in his arms. When he discovers the killer is an IRA gunman and Emma’s body is radioactive, his mood shifts from despair to a steely determination to uncover the truth. His investigations implicate the Establishment and multinational corporations allied in a conspiracy that threatens life itself.

A panoply of superb British character actors (Ian McNeice, Charles Kay, Hugh Fraser) apply Shakespearean gravitas to drive the mystery ever deeper. Plan ahead and have refreshments close at hand. There’s no getting up once an episode is running.

The length and complexity of the series will not suit all viewers. This is no light entertainment for an alpha-wave session with pizza and beer in front of the idiot box. This is a six-by-50-minute intensive exercise in high-tension drama – an intellectually challenging puzzle that requires cerebral stamina. It is certainly emotionally draining. Some might consider it self-indulgent headache material. But you can't please everyone.

Director Martin Campbell (Casino Royale 2006) marshals the stylistic elements of film noir to transform the script into a chilling montage. Surreal images abound. Sinister trains clank through gloomy wet industrial nights. A survival capsule stocked with Harrods’ finest wares glitters in the bowels of a dank cavern. Jedburgh (Joe Don Baker) clasps heavy-metal bars flashing white with critical mass in the grandmaster villain’s face; "That's the problem with plutonium. It's limited in its application. But as a vehicle for regaining one's self-respect, it's got a lot going for it." All the while, the soundtrack throbs a backbeat omen, the genius of Eric Clapton.

The plot matures into exquisite intricacy, alluding to arcane religious orders perpetually locked in mortal battle – Good versus Evil. It is clear that Satan’s soldiers march among us. Ultimately, we are left pondering the consequences of abusing our planet and the apocalyptic predictions of James Lovelock’s Gaia Hypothesis. As Jedburgh confides, "I believe the Earth Goddess will defend herself against all danger."  That danger is . . . you and me.

As we grapple with the implications of climate shift, widespread species extinctions and population pressure – be warned. You ignore the message at the heart of Edge of Darkness at your peril.

Meerteeyt Marr Lirpeen [song for the coastal man]

As the squalls cut in from the frigid wastes of the Southern Ocean, we huddled together in the pavilion at the Killarney Recreation Reserve. While we peered through the gap between hat and scarf a wit remarked; “This is good old Gunditjmara weather. It gets too hot for us after this.” A bloke from Queensland grimaced.

Last weekend [13-14 November] was the Tarerer Festival. Held each year, it brings people together in a process called Restorative Arts Practice. There’s a focus on culture, history, the environment and having a good time.

The area has long been a place where people gather to feast, celebrate and trade. It is a tradition established by the Tarerer Gunditj, the Koroit Gunditj and the Moonwer Gunditj, coastal clans of the Peek Wuurong people and the greater Gunditjmara Nation. Now blackfellas and whitefellas come together from around Australia to continue this tradition.

On Saturday there was heaps of music, dance and performances. A huge smoking ceremony still has me smelling like the coastal scrub two days later. For lunch there was bush tucker to munch - like roo burgers and wattle-seed scones. There were people from Coastcare, Landcare and the Wilderness Society to talk about native animals and plants - some of which we’d just eaten. Ted the Kite Man from Port Fairy was there, making lots of kites with the kids. There was no shortage of wind for these colourful creations to decorate the sky all afternoon.

Sunday was time for talks and walks. The highlight for me was Damien Bell’s presentation on the achievements of the Gunditj Mirring and their restoration of Lake Condah. His message about “returning the water to the stones and giving their spirits back” was very powerful. It tells me that we still have opportunities to reinvigorate this country and help it survive our wasteful and disrespectful ways.

Don’t miss out next year. Come along to the Tarerer Festival - it’s very user friendly.

Ted and the kids building flying machines

A plover's tale

The sandy beaches of Victoria's Southwest are prime recreational spaces that attract beach and water lovers from far and wide. They also offer some of the best coastal habitat in Victoria and are home to several bird species, including the rare hooded plover [Thinornis rubricollis].

These shy little birds can be seen nesting from September to April. The pair occupies a small territory on dry sand at the top of the beach. Here the hen lays several eggs in a shallow scrape. Because of the exposed nature of the nest site, parents, chicks and eggs are well camouflaged and very difficult to see. But once spotted, their behaviour is intriguing. The parent birds will distract intruders that venture too close to their territory. They run up and down the beach, feign foraging or a broken wing, then dart away at the last moment.

Although protecting them from natural predators, many of the bird’s habits make them vulnerable to human disturbance. While the parents put on their acts, eggs and chicks are left unguarded at the mercy of marauding gulls, the sun’s heat, wind and trampling. Dogs off leash account for many deaths. Activities like horse riding and off-road vehicle use cause havoc.

In recent years, signs and temporary barriers have appeared on the beaches as volunteers attempt to protect the vulnerable nest sites. Sometimes little wooden chick shelters are placed on the sand for them to hide in. This not only makes these feisty birds easier to locate and observe, but improves their rate of successful breeding.

Unfortunately, this attempt to aid the birds has attracted unwanted attention. A deranged surfer lurks between Warrnambool and Killarney, removing barriers and burning signs and chick shelters. He is even suspected of removing eggs. It is little wonder that none of the sites he vandalises has produced successful fledglings this season.

With the Victorian hooded plover population estimated at around 600, one wonders how long we will have the opportunity to see this bird on our beaches. Increased awareness of these and other beach nesting birds, and finding simple ways to share the beach without being a threat to these species [like keeping dogs leashed on nesting beaches] will significantly improve their chances of survival.

The trouble is, many people see these kinds of measures as an inconvenience or a threat to personal liberty. After all, the beach is there solely for our benefit, isn't it?

Hooded plovers - parent and chick                           picture courtesy Birds Australia

The first post

The world's 57th Global Geopark is Kanawinka - the land of tomorrow. This stretches from Mount Gambier to Colac; from Hamiltion to Warrnambool. Its landscapes are varied: limestone and craters; a wooded plateau; rugged coast and dark caves; extensive lava flows; crater lakes and vast grasslands.

Living and working in this fascinating place has motivated me to write: Forgotten stories, myths and mysteries - a guide to the landscape of Victoria's Southwest [in process].

But it has also led to some alarming discoveries: almost every animal I research is endangered or locally extinct; little remains of the original ground cover; no one knows just how many species grew or roamed here only 180 years ago.

Classmates and Di Websdale-Morrissey at RMIT inspired me to launch this blog. I reckon it's a great way to share a few stories and maybe provoke some comments.

So here goes . . .